Impacts include the severely threatening replacement and displacement of, as well as, competition and hybridization with native fishes predation and population reduction of amphibians to the point of endangerment and top down cascading trophic interactions resulting in modifications of benthic zooplankton, macroinvertebrates, and algal communities. Introductions of invasive Salvelinus fontinalis as the result of angling and aquaculture have facilitated a severe impact on native systems throughout the world.
